Business Research Process Enhancing Risk Research

Question: Discuss about the Business Research Process for Enhancing Risk Research. Answer: Introduction Surveys are the primary sources of any research process. For the purpose to conduct research every research needs an instrument to fulfill its needs and requirements. Instrument is a tool which helps in enhancing research work and its validity. This article talks about a standout amongst the most inconsequential parts of a researcher's day by day assignments, which is to choose among different accessible choices the instruments to perform information gathering that meet the planned destinations and, in the meantime, regard budgetary and temporal confinements and in addition other similarly important issues when directing an exploration. The instrument for information accumulation is a key component of the customary polls, which are utilized to examine different themes of enthusiasm among members of logical studies (Mesa, DA, JL, RR; 2014). It is assumed by the researcher that the validity is available in the instrument that will be reflected when it is going to used in research process (Paulo, 1999).An exploration can be judged both as far as interior Validity when its decisions are right for that specimen of concentrated on people, and additionally outside Validity, when its outcomes can be summed up to different settings and populace domains (Koogan; 2002). Moreover, to be substantial in any measurement this examination ought to have utilized a set up instrument, ready to recognize people who really have this dermatological condition from the individuals who don't have it. In this way, the study's Validity examine relies on upon the Validity of the very instruments that are utilized. An examination instrument is regarded dependable when it can reliably create similar comes about subsequent to being connected over and again to similar gathering of subjects. This idea is regularly utilized as a part of different phases of the examination procedure including, quality control check. Reapplying a few inquiries to similar subjects as of now met or notwithstanding amid the development of another instrument in the test-retest stage in which the Reliability quality and consistency of the given answers are analyzed (ISAAC, 2006). A study or a research will get more strong and validated if more instruments are used in analyzing the things. The intrigued peruser ought to counsel particular productions for further examination of this topic (SAGE, 1979) Continuing our unique question, it must be noticed that the requirement for cautious determination of instruments to be utilized as a part of logical examinations must have a strong hypothetical premise and ought not be considered as a unimportant prevailing fashion. Wrong selections of the instrument can downward the research process. Creating misdirecting comes about, which are in this manner not able to answer the examination address initially figured (university press, 2006). Plus, the decision of an instrument likewise has suggestions in the capacity to sum up the exploration comes about (outside Validity), and to contrast them and those of different studies led broadly or globally on similar subject - specialists utilizing identical instruments can build up a powerful exchange, which empowers a more thorough investigation of the wonder being referred to, including its predecessors and consequences (JW, 2007) Lets take an example of the Job Satisfaction Survey. The instrument is made out of 36 Likert scale things. On account of this specific instrument, you can compute an aggregate score, or you figure nine sub-scale scores. In the event that you need to think about general occupation fulfillment, the aggregate score would be an adequate measure (koogan, 2012). It is essential while selecting a study instrument that it has been observed to be dependable and substantial. Reliability quality alludes to the degree that the instrument yields similar results over different trials. Validity alludes to the degree that the instrument measures what it was intended to quantify. There are a few approaches to evaluate the dependability and Validity of the instrument once information has been gathered be that as it may, these components are essential to know before information accumulation. To figure out whether the instrument has been demonstrated solid and legitimate, it is critical to examine the instrument and discover what past studies learned ("Survey Selection and Administration - Statistics Solutions", 2016). A fast appraisal of past research that utilized the instrument ought to permit you. While selecting an overview instrument, it is critical to know how add up to scores or midpoints are ascertained and what higher or bring down scores demonstrate. Periodically, in study instruments, the device can be included contrarily worded things and additionally emphatically worded things. At the point when scoring these instruments, it is imperative to know which things should be switch scored before computation. It is vital to see how the instrument has been scored in past studies and to copy that scoring strategy for your study. One other element to consider while selecting an instrument is the kind of information you will be acquire. On the off chance that you are wanting to utilize a just illustrative study, the outline of the reaction alternatives can fluctuate from question to address. On the off chance that you plan to utilize inferential measurements, it is useful to have the capacity to make add up to scores. Keeping in mind the end goal to make add up to scores or normal scores, you regularly need all reaction choices that make up a specific scale or sub-scale to have similar range, maybe 1 - 5 where 1 = firmly differ and 5 = emphatically concur. Keep in mind, the two most vital calculates selecting an instrument are that the instrument measures your variable of intrigue and that it is solid and legitimate. That data combined with alternate recommendations will help you in the choice of a fantastic instrument. There are various factors which need to be considered when selecting instrument for survey: Instrument should be well-tested factorial structure, validity reliability Supportive material should be available for further research and for analysis purpose. Normative data should be available in order to analyse, interpret and validating data. Instrument should be applicable to whole selected population. User friendly Availability Financial cost Amount of time required Conduct a pilot survey in order to test the validity rather than being use it at a first shot for whole selected population. After that the instrument should be selected that can meet the objectives of the study, considering budget, moral and time requirements, among others. In an examination setting at whatever point altogether the picked instrument has been made unmistakable from that of research, scan the writing for investigations of diverse adjustment that expected to create a proportionate variant of the instrument, exploration context (MF, CL, 2007). Thus, as contended by Reichenheim and Moares, "the procedure of multifaceted adjustment ought to be a mix between a part of exacting interpretation of words and expressions starting with one dialect then onto the next and a fastidious tuning process, that addresses the social setting and way of life of the objective populace to which the rendition will be applied."10 Check the Validity and Reliability quality of tests and instruments. Do they truly quantify what they claim to gauge? Do they quantify reliably over the long haul, with various research subjects and ethnic gatherings, and after rehashed utilize? Examine articles that utilized the test will frequently incorporate Reliability quality and Validity information. There might be some issues in selecting instruments: There might be some issues while selecting instrument of survey, it is a numerous choice while setting research (Community Tool Box, 2016). There are various options available for the research, the decision is to be taken in the manner that which instrument suits the research purpose (Socialresearchmethods.net, 2016). Population Issues Is the population literate? Can the population be enumerated? Will the population selected for research purpose corporate? Do we need to face language issues? What are the following geographic restrictions? Sampling Issues Is the relevant data available? Will we be able to find respondents? Who will be the respondents? Are response rates likely to be a problem? Question Issues Types of questions which can be asked? Should questions be complex or simple? Open or close ended? Can questions be lengthy? Administrative Issues money time facilities personnel References Assessing Community Needs and Resources | Section 7. Conducting Needs Assessment Surveys | Main Section | Community Tool Box. (2016). ku.edu. Retrieved 20 October 2016, from https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/assessment/assessing-community-needs-and-resources/conducting-needs-assessment-surveys/main. Berry JW, Poortinga YH, Segall MH, Dasen PR.Cross-cultural psychology: research and applications.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2007. Carmines EG, Zeller RA. Reliability and validity assessment. In: Lewis-Beck MS, editor.Reliability and validity assessment.Thousand Oaks: SAGE; 1979. DaMatta R.Relativizando: uma introduo antropologia social.Rio de Janeiro: Rocco; 1987. Gil AC.Mtodos e tcnicas de pesquisa social.So Paulo: Atlas; 1999. Kamamoto Cde S, Hassun KM, Bagatin E, Tomimori J. Acne-specific quality of life questionnaire (Acne-QoL): translation, cultural adaptation and validation into Brazilian-Portuguese language.An Bras Dermatol.2014;89:8390. Martnez-Mesa J, Gonzlez-Chica DA, Bastos JL, Bonamigo RR, Duquia RP. Sample size: how many participants do I need in my research?An Bras Dermatol.2014;89:609615 Pereira MG.Epidemiologia: teoria e prtica.Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2002. Reichenheim ME, Moraes CL. Qualidade dos instrumentos epidemiolgicos. In: Almeida-Filho N, Barreto ML, editors.Epidemiologia sade: fundamentos, mtodos e aplicaes.Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2012. pp. 150164. Reichenheim ME, Moraes CL. Operationalizing the cross-cultural adaptation of epidemiological measurement instruments.Rev Sade Pblica.2007;41:665673. Survey Selection and Administration - Statistics Solutions. (2016). Statistics Solutions. Retrieved 20 October 2016, from https://www.statisticssolutions.com/survey-selection-and-administration/ Sol D, Camelo-Nunes IC, Wandalsen GF, Mallozi MC, Naspitz CK, Brazilian ISAAC Group Prevalence of atopic eczema and related symptoms in Brazilian schoolchildren: results from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) phase 3.J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol.2006;16:367376. net. (2016). Selecting the Survey Method. [online] Available at: https://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/survsel.php [Accessed 20 Oct. 2016]. Streiner DL, Norman GR.Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use.2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006.

The Elegant Universe. Superstrings, hidden dimensions and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory Review Essay Example

The Elegant Universe. Superstrings, hidden dimensions and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory Review Paper Essay on The Elegant Universe. Superstrings, hidden dimensions and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory Regarding the advanced science, I note only that the bullet that kills, not whistles and, of course, on the contrary: if the whistles, then already past. Apparently, so is the case with distortion. The thing is that under the action of gravity is curved, apparently not the space itself, and, above all, the trajectories of elementary particles. Speaking of popularization should not forget that under it often mimics a type of huge flow of-the-art intelligent fool , widely represented in the pseudo-scientific environment. Infamous popularizers with claims of another loud coup are available in each of the areas of knowledge. Physics is not an exception. The pattern that built their populyarizatorstvo, has been described by various investigators many times, but in the heart of a smoothie can always find area . Here, for example, he wrote about it YM .Lotman (Introduction The analysis of the poetic text.): naive carrier pre-scientific mind, accumulated a large number of domestic data and find that you can not link them together, calls on the help of science, believing that she would give him a short and comprehensive answers that while retaining the familiar face of the world for him, it shows where the problem was made, etc. will experience domestic integrity and inviolability. Science appears to him in the guise of a doctor, which calls for the patient, so that he set the causes of disease, prescribe the most simple, cheap and potent drugs, and left with the task of further care of relatives. We will write a custom essay sample on The Elegant Universe. Superstrings, hidden dimensions and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Elegant Universe. Superstrings, hidden dimensions and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Elegant Universe. Superstrings, hidden dimensions and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The naive realism common sense believes that it will raise questions, and science to answer them. Designed with this quite certain the aim of science is trying in good faith to answer the questions put to it. The results of these efforts are the most discouraging: the result of long efforts very often it turns out that the answer to these questions can not be given that the issues properly raised that a correct statement of the problem is of enormous difficulties and demands of labor, significantly surpassing the one that seemed at first to be sufficient to fully address the problem. Further brings a new surprise: it turns out that science and not an instrument to answer as soon as one or the other problem is getting a final decision, it falls outside the scope of science in the area postnauchnogo knowledge So, the task of science. the correct formulation of the question. But to determine which of the question is correct and what is not, is impossible without a study of the motion of methods from ignorance to knowledge, without determining whether the issue lead to the answer in principle. Therefore, the whole range of methodological issues everything that is connected with the path from question to answer (but not with the answer) belongs to science. Awareness of science to its specificity and its waiver on those activities for which it has no means, is a huge step on the path of knowledge. However, this step is often disappointing in preverzhentsev .zdravogo sense. in science, which is beginning to seem too distracted occupation. Naive realism comes to science as a pagan with his idol: first, he prays to him, believing that he is able to help him overcome all the difficulties, and then, disappointed, sechot him and thrown into the fire or into the river. Turning away from science, he is trying to enter into a direct bypassing it alliance with the world postnauchnyh productive knowledge with the world answers when we are witnessing a craze popular literature, books that should not acquaint the reader with the progress of science and its methods, and results and s olutions before us typical cases Union pre- and postnauchnyh stages of knowledge against science. However, this alliance has no future: the answers given by science, they can not be separated from it the most. They are not absolute and lose value when nominated their methodology is replaced by a new one. One should not think, however, that a marked contradiction between pre-scientific, scientific and postnauchnym stages of knowledge an irreconcilable antagonism. Each of these points needs to rest. In particular, science not only draws the raw material from the sphere of everyday experience, but also needs a correlation controlling its movement with the world .zdravogo sense. Because this naive and rude world is the only world in which man lives. Essential drugs and tools . known skepticism Who wants a deeper understanding of the main dangers come from the intellectual deception can recommend the website of the magazine of the same name skepticism: where the most scandalous obraztsydetalno analyzed by experts, a lot of reviews and thieves on the problems of profanation and falsification of scientific knowledge.

buy custom My Closest Friends essay

buy custom My Closest Friends essay I have several closest friends, and Mike and Adam are among them. I have known them since my childhood and I think that I am lucky because they are very good friends. I respect both of them and I believe that their traits and beliefs will help them to succeed in their lives. Though Mike and Adam have a number of differences, there are certain similarities that predetermine their friendship. One of the main differences between Mike and Adam is that Mike is an extravert while Adam is an introvert. Mike adores going out and communicating with various people. By contrast, Adam prefers staying at home. Sometimes it is almost improbable to lure him out of his apartment. He says that he is exhausted after a long working day, or that he just would like to relax and watch a movie. Such preference makes Adam not good at socializing. He often has difficulties in communicating with people he meets for the first time in his life, while Mike can find a common topic with everyone. These two individuals have different attitudes towards the Internet. Taking into account Adams love for staying in his room, he spends much time in the Internet. He is interested in playing video games, reading blogs and news. Video games take up a lot of his free time. Adam compensates the lack of communication in the real life with the help of social networks and virtual reality. He spends so much time online that some neighbors think that he has moved out several years ago as they almost do not see him. For Mike, the Internet is a means, but not a solution. He uses it only when he needs to buy or find out something. Although Mike likes video games, too, he does not play often. Another distinction between them is their attitude towards sport. As most of the introverts, Adam is rather passive and, therefore, rather indifferent to any sporting activities. Although Mike does not go in for sports now, he is open to plaing amateur football from time to time. When Mike was a child, he used to practise acrobatics. He was very good at this sport, but then he got hurt during one of the trainings. After the trauma, there were several more incidents. Finally, he gave up this activity. Mike and Adams occupations also differ. Both of them are not afraid of physical labor. Mike works as a shop assistant and Adam is a builder. However, Adams occupation is temporary because he would love to have a white-collar job, while Mike loves his work being good at selling. Adams dream is to become a web designer one day. While staying at home, Adam manages to distract from video games and devote time to practicing web design. Before reaching his main goal, he wants to try working as a program tester. Their levels of intelligence also vary. Luckily, both of the men have copious vocabulary: it is very interesting to communicate with them, and their jokes are rather rich. Nevertheless, Adam is more intelligent than Mike. He is fond or reading. He also spends much time searching for pieces of news concerning everything: technology, innovations, politics, economy, and research. He also loves sharing this news with his mates which makes him very valuable as a friend. Although Mike likes learning new things too, his knowledge is not so profound. Mike knows a little of everything enough not to seem shallow during the conversation. The two friends understand the sense of life differently. Adam considers constant development to be the most significant thing in his life. He cannot live without learning, analyzing, reflecting, and sharing his views about the world. Mike is a more earthling person. He admits that money is the most valuable thing in his life. His purpose is to earn, not to learn. In any case, it would be wrong to judge both views. It is clear that if everyone were a daydreamer, then the state of the global economy would be rather poor. Of course, if these two individuals had nothing in common, it would be weird that they are friends. For example, both of them care for their homes. They love feeling comfortable when they come home. Thus, both of them decorated their apartments the way they liked. They chose and planned everything: furniture, the color of walls, floor, and even the design of all home appliances. This process was rather exciting for both of them. Neither Mike, nor Adam let their girlfriends decide anything concerning remodeling. Both friends are very ambitious and do not lose any opportunity of being their own bosses. For example, Mike used to sell special gloves that were fit for smartphones. He managed to find a relatively new field that did not require much investment. Adam has found a way to earn on reselling jewelry made of silver. He purchases pieces from a silversmith at a low cost and then finds buyers. The two men are very stubborn. They got used to getting what they want. If they decide to reach something, they always succeed in it. It is possible to observe this trait if to discuss their higher education. Mikes parents are rather rich but he left the college after two years of studying. Soon he proved that he was able to provide for himself without any help of his parents. Adams family did not want him to start working so early, but he did it because he wanted to pay for his tuition on his own. Finally, both of them are kind and they are ready to help and protect their close ones. It is impossible for any of them to refuse to give a hand when one of their relatives or friends asked for it. Moreover, sometimes there is no necessity in asking they just help. To conclude, Mike and Adam do not have many things in common. Nevertheless, their similarities are more significant than differences. Different hobbies or attitudes towards something are not as important as readiness to help and striving to live a better life. Buy custom My Closest Friends essay

Music 111 Chapter 16 Essays

Music 111 Chapter 16 Essays Music 111 Chapter 16 Paper Music 111 Chapter 16 Paper Essay Topic: Literature The term Romantic was: used by writers of literature in the nineteenth century and adopted by musicians. The composer most responsible for elevating music to a new level of respect during the Romantic era was: Ludwig van Beethoven. Which is true of the relative status of music in the nineteenth century? Music rose to the same status as literature The Romantic movement in literature first arose in: England and Germany Who provided the Romantics with the ideal of the individual and was considered the ideological father of the French Revolution? Jean-Jacques Rousseau Which describes the emotional goal of music in the nineteenth century? a search for freedom of individual emotional expression Which is true of Romantic composers such as Beethoven, Liszt, and Verdi? As rebels against the social order, they associated themselves with revolutionary and libertarian politics. Which is true of the social revolution of the nineteenth century? Composers such as Liszt personally crossed class boundaries. Which describes Romantic composers view of form and harmony? Romantic composers did not allow form or genre to restrain spontaneous creativity. An early monument to supernatural Romanticism was the opera The Magic Bullet by: Carl Maria von Weber. In the nineteenth century, which of the arts was believed to be the most capable of expressing inner experience and emotion? music Increasingly, the focal point for the performance of Romantic music was the: concert hall. What musical genres became established on the concert stage by the end of the nineteenth century? lieder and string quartets Which is true of the relationship between Romantic composers and the public? Nineteenth-century audiences became more conservative and more critical of innovative composers. The composer who started a music magazine to defend the music of the Romantics against public indifference was: Robert Schumann. The quality most prized by Romantic artists was: the integrity of the expression of individual feeling The musical term applied to flexibility in rhythm is: rubato Which statement is false? Romantic melodies have more regular phrase lengths than Classical melodies. Which statement is false? Romantic harmonies were clearer and more diatonic, and they established a stronger sense of tonality than in earlier musical periods. What is chromaticism? using all twelve notes of the scale liberally In which stylistic period was chromaticism used the most? Romantic Romantic treatment of tone color included: combining and blending different instrumental tone colors in innovative ways. Compared to the Classical orchestra, the typical Romantic orchestra was: larger and blended tone colors in new ways The important new member of the Romantic orchestra was the: conductor. In nineteenth-century opera, the orchestra: increased in importance, sometimes providing special effects and overshadowing the voices. Music without singing but derived from a poem, story, or other literary source, is called: program music. Romantic treatment of form was: free and spontaneous Miniatures were usually written for: voice and piano or piano alone Miniatures were generally heard: as separate compositions. Miniatures were given all of the following types of titles except: formal titles such as sonata or rondo. In composing a Romantic grandiose composition, composers created works with: more movements and increased performing forces. Thematic unity occurs: when a composer uses the same themes in all movements of a work. The technique of having the same theme fragment reappear with some sort of variation at loosely recurring intervals is: thematic transformation. All of the following are characteristic of thematic unity in Romantic symphonic music except: using the same themes in several symphonies

Are the Millenium Development Goals achievable Essay

Are the Millenium Development Goals achievable - Essay Example However, as years passed, it was increasingly apparent that these goals would not be realized. Today, the declaration is already halfway through its timetable and this paper will discuss why the MDG will be a failure by the year 2015. One of the main targets of the Millennium Development Goals is the eradication of at least 50% of the world’s poverty. This has been one of the most problematic areas in realizing the objectives due to its financial implications. Adrian Bradbrook (2005), for instance, argued that in order for about 1 billion people to live beyond the $1 dollar a day benchmark, they would need to have access to modern energy services, as this is an important precondition for the eradication of poverty. (224) The magnitude of this dilemma is staggering. Bradbrook stated that a cumulative investment of US$200 to $400 billion dollars ($40 billion per year) for people to access energy services such as electricity, liquid and gaseous fuels, electrical appliances for cooking and so on. This challenge is highlighted by the decline in finances of international agencies and the failure of respective governments to generate funds themselves in order to address basic energy needs due to fiscal difficulti es. This is besides other factors that require large scale funding such as the installation of infrastructures and technologies that will spur development in poor countries. Here, we encounter another dilemma in addressing the issue on international partnership on development. One should remember that overseas development assistance extended by developed countries are generally conditional, and in the realist view, are driven by self-interest. That is why the institutionalization of welfare principles in this front, which is central to the MDG’s success, has been nothing but rhetoric. The US leadership in the world community is also one huge determining factor in the fate of the Millennium

Poverty and Pollution Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Poverty and Pollution - Assignment Example Keywords: pollution, poverty, businesses, third world country, operations, control, regulation, morality, environment, standards, global, enforcement Poverty and Pollution There are many different moral and ethical considerations that must be addressed when looking at the issue of the pollution of third world countries by businesses who have setup shop in those countries, including but not limited to the implications of the companies who are participating in these actions, the reasons for doing what they are doing, the moral right of human beings to a livable environment, as well as who should be responsible for these actions, and what must be done to improve the quality of life of those who are affected by these practices. There are many different reasons a business may conduct operations in a third world country, including political instability, a need for investment capital, low wages are acceptable, as are low benefits, education levels are low, and environmental regulations are few and not seriously enforced (Encyclopedia of Business 2nd Ed, 2013). Political instability in a developing country ensures that both the powers running the country and those who are attempting to run for the company are both concerned with public image; they want to ensure that the people see that they are attempting to better the country, even if the decisions made do not actually benefit the country, and one key aspect of this is good PR. If the ruling power or the power attempting to be the ruling power shows any indication that they are driving away big businesses, businesses who will bring new jobs to the country, which will in turn strengthen the economy, even if that businesses practices ultimately hurt the country itself, they will be seen as working against the country itself, and not for the country, even if baring that particular business from the country will ensure a higher quality of drinking water in the country, for example. The key is to show a form of immediate gratification for the people in terms of a better economy, even if the environmental concerns are far more severe. The need of the country for investment capital also factors into the decision of the third world country to open its doors to big business. Many big businesses will, for example, work to better the country that they choose to setup shop in, as a means of being able to more efficiently conduct their business. In Mongolia, for example, as a result of the search for rare earth mineral deposits, many big companies are working to build access roads, supporting local businesses and patronizing shipping systems setup in place in the country; Germany signed an agreement with Kazakhstan to be able to gain access to their rare earth minerals in exchange for technical assistance in modernizing railroads, building chemical plants, and other forms of development (Caramenico, 2012). It is because of the desire for technological advancements that the big businesses are able to provide that countries are more likely to overlook the negative aspects of big business in favor of the investment capital that they will provide. Businesses like the arrangement because they are able to get cheap employment, both in terms of the wages that they pay out and

Behaviour Management in the Classroom Essay Example for Free

Behaviour Management in the Classroom Essay Knowing how to anticipate and manage problems will ensure that students spend maximum time on task, and those students who are eager to learn are not disadvantaged by a few. I have found there are many different causes of disruptive and inappropriate behavior. These can include factors in and out of a teacher’s control. Factors outside the control of the teacher may include a student’s emotional and psychological factors. A student may have significant distressing issues in their home life such as bereavement or family breakdown for example. Students may also have had negative past experiences at a previous establishment or in the education system in general. Some students may behave inappropriately through boredom or finishing work to quickly, while others misbehave in an attempt to mask undiagnosed learning differences. Conversely, I have experienced students being disruptive in class due to having a special educational need, students with undedicated Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder for example. ‘Some teachers think a well-planned, interesting lesson will by itself prevent disruption. Or that if the teacher is entirely benign and respectful of students, conflict will simply melt away. This isn’t the case. ’ (Petty, 2006, pg3) The teacher themselves can sometimes be a cause of negative behaviour. Some students may act up through boredom as a result of a teacher being unprepared, demotivated or simply not giving enough consideration to lesson design. Bad classroom management can also be a factor, for example, allowing students to play with mobile phones or simply poor seating arrangements, which allow disruptive students to sit together. Review organisational policies relevant to managing behaviour in the learning environment identifying any areas for improvement | Every teaching establishment will have a number of different organizational policies relating to managing behaviour. Appendix A lists the specific policies I have to adhere to in my organisation. The policies are very diverse ranging from a staff code of conduct with pupils, to policies rela ting to effective teaching and learning. The specialist nature of my establishment means there are many policies linked to the welfare and safeguarding of students, including a number of anti-bullying policies (including anti-cyber bullying) to procedures relating to pastoral care. In my opinion, the behavior management policy in my establishment could be improved. There is no consistent approach to managing behavior throughout the organization. It is left to individual teaching staff to use their discretion as to what constitutes disruptive behavior and how to deal with it accordingly. Although the senior managers are usually supportive of teaching staff, It would be beneficial to staff and students for there to be a set procedure we could all follow. |Review ways of encouraging behaviours that contribute to an effective learning environment | |Use strategies for encouraging behaviours that contribute to an effective learning environment | ‘†¦classrooms become much more orderly when rules are stated, or better still negotiated, discussed and fully justified. It seems the little lighters need persuading of the obvious! ’ (Petty, 2006, pg3) There are many strategies to help a teacher limit disruptive behavior during lessons. I find an effective tool for managing behaviour is to set firm ground rules at the beginning of the course. These include clear boundaries, and expectations. If this can be done in consultation with the students it can be extremely effective, as it gives them the responsibility of managing each other’s behavior. It is use ful to note however, that set sanctions must also be clearly defined and followed as a consequence for breaking the rules for this technique to be effective. The use of reward is a good method of encouraging positive behavior, the use of praise, certificates and house points for example. ‘What we can’t do however is ignore disruptive behaviour. If we do, it won’t go away! ’ (LSDA, 2007, pg8) It is important for a teacher to challenge disruptive behaviour immediately and consistently. I feel by trying to make lessons enjoyable and providing work that helps students to achieve minimizes disruptive behaviour. The use of good communication by the teacher can also be a useful tool. This includes the use of the voice, phrasing, eye contact and body language. For example, using an assertive tone when making a request or physically positioning yourself near disruptive students. ‘You should be alert, businesslike, firm and unapologetic. But you must avoid showing anger or frustration even when you feel it. ’ (Petty, 2006, pg19) I feel getting to know students individually and knowing what their interests and expectations are helps. I find by creating a working relationship where students feel valued and respected is key to minimizing inappropriate behavior. In my opinion, the greater amount of respect the pupil has for you, the less likely they will misbehave. I agree with Petty (2006) when he states: ‘prevention the best strategy’ It is also important should a student misbehave that it is dealt with swiftly with the teachers focus being placed on the student’s behaviour, rather than the individual themselves. |Review ways of managing behaviours that disrupt an effective learning environment | No matter how hard you work at perfecting your behaviour management techniques, you will encounter ‘the really challenging-class’ at some point in your career’ (TES,2010) If a situation arises where an individual’s behavior is persistently disruptive, further action may be required to ensure the other students maintain an effective learning environment. The use of graduated sanctions in schools and colleges is a widely recognised, and is a commonly used method of controlling individuals that have not responded to other behavior management strategies. Having the support of heads of departments and senior management teams is crucial for this method to work effectively. I have, on occasion had to follow behaviour management procedures at my organisation that use graduated sanctions. For example, referring disruptive individuals to my head of department. If that student then continues to affect the learning of others they get referred to a member of the senior management team (SMT). The last stage being the Head Master, who has the power to take more serious action if required, such as temporary and permanent exclusions. Summarise own strengths and development needs in relation to managing behaviours that disrupt the learning environment | In general, I feel that managing my student’s behavior is one of my strengths. It is something I have learned, and improved upon through the years in my current teaching position. I have learnt different strategies for minimizing disruptive behaviour through observing other staff in my depar tment, and openly discussing individual cases with other teaching staff. With regards to my personal development, I would like to attend some training to help me manage students with disruptive behavioural disorders, specifically, Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Although I currently teach two individuals diagnosed with this disorder, they can be extremely disruptive in a group environment, and I believe attending training specifically related to managing this type of psychiatric disorder would be extremely beneficial for the future. References Cope, R. G. (2006). How to plan for behaviour development and classroom management : maximising student engagement: Pearson Education.